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Mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD is further supported by the presence of non-specific biomarkers including reduction in carnitine and increases in lactate, pyruvate, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase compared to control groups (Frye, 2020

Third, efforts were made to minimize potential bias due to heterogenous medication adherence in real-world patients, namely (1) the study cohort was restricted to include only stable users of study drugs to eliminate the potential confounding effect from the short-term use or non-adherence of study drugs and (2) sensitivity analyses were performed based on the AT scenario to estimate treatment effectiveness, with patients who discontinued or switched study drugs censored to corroborate our base-case analysis results based on the ITT scenario

These examples highlight hydrogen water's ability to provide immediate antioxidant protection in cellular regions that may be less accessible to or less protected by GR activity, creating a more comprehensive defense system when used alongside functional glutathione recycling

The timeline varies by injury severity, with acute injuries responding faster than chronic conditions that have been present for months or years