This aggressive first-pass effect leaves very little intact NAC to circulate systemically to the brain or peripheral muscles
10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020077 Summary Keywords ultramarathon, hematological response, red blood cell deformability, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, oxidative stress, endurance exercise Citation Grau M, Bruns J, Stcher M, John L, Munk M, Siebers M, Siebers C, Bloch W and Bizjak DA (2025) Running on the edge: hematological responses to a non-stop ultramarathon with a focus on nitric oxidemediated red blood cell deformability
Oxidative stress can induce RBC stiffening, which increases susceptibility to shear-related damage (McNamee et al., 2018) and may compromise oxygen delivery (Mohanty et al., 2014)
Funding This work was supported by was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP 21H03645