Abbreviations CD: Crohns disease DPP-IV: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium EEC: Enteroendocrine cells GI: Gastrointestinal tract GIP: Gastro-insulinotropic peptide GLP: Glucagon-like peptide GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor IBD: Inflammatory bowel diseases IFN-: Interferon IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1 IL: Interleukin LPS: Lipopolysaccharide PC 1/3: Prohormone convertase 1/3 PEG: Polyethylene glycosyl SCFA: Short-chain fatty acids TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor UC: Ulcerative colitis References Abrahami D, Douros A, Yin H, et al (2018) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with type 2 diabetes: population based cohort study
Archived from the original on 1 August 2024
Key Players in the GLP-1 Diabetes Treatment Drugs Market Eli Lilly Sanofi Novo Nordisk Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co Boehringer Ingelheim AstraZeneca Pfizer Inc Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Ganli Pharmaceuticals Tonghua Dongbao Shanghai Renhui Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd
Signs You May Benefit from HRT In Women Hot flashes or night sweats disrupting sleep Mood changes anxiety, irritability, depression without an obvious cause Brain fog or difficulty concentrating Fatigue that doesnt resolve with rest Vaginal dryness, discomfort during sex, or decreased libido Weight gain around the midsection despite no change in diet or exercise Irregular or absent periods (perimenopause) In Men Low energy or persistent fatigue Decreased libido or erectile changes Loss of muscle mass and increased body fat Mood changes depression, irritability, reduced motivation Brain fog or difficulty with memory and focus Poor sleep and reduced exercise recovery These symptoms require lab confirmation before a protocol is prescribed
