eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using CKD-EPI 2021 formula 22 1 Only available in Medicare FFS and CDM, other/unknown racial category includes North American Native, unknown, or missing 2 Only available in Medicare FFS and CDM 3 Defined using Validation of a Claims-Based Frailty Index Against Physical Performance and Adverse Health Outcomes in the Health and Retirement Study 4 Defined as the presence of acute myocardial infarction (MI), MI sequelae/old MI, stable angina, unstable angina, coronary atherosclerosis, coronary procedure, history of coronary procedure, congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, cerebrovascular procedure, generalized and unspecified atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease or atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease assessed during the baseline period 5 Defined as prescription fill claims for fludrocortisone, droxidopa, atomoxetine, or midodrine during the baseline period 6 Defined as prescription eye drop fills for -adrenergic antagonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholinergics, -adrenergic agonists, prostaglandins, or prostamides assessed during the baseline period 7 Hemoglobin A1c is available for 43% and eGFR is available for 47% of CDMs cohort and were not included in the PS model Statistical Analysis To address temporal changes in cardiovascular and kidney disease treatment guidelines and potential channeling bias associated with GLP-1RA and SGLT2i prescribing over the study period, 2325 we calculated propensity scores (PS) within three calendar time periods for CDM and Marketscan (20162018, 20192020, and after 2020) and two time periods for Medicare FFS (20162018 and 20192020), based on participants year of cohort entry
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