should i do tirzepatide or semaglutide vs. Semaglutide: What's the Difference? Why You Might Tolerate One

Risk factors that should prompt consideration of B12 deficiency include advancing age (reduced stomach acid production), strict vegan or vegetarian diets, pernicious anaemia, gastrointestinal surgery (particularly gastric bypass or ileal resection), long-term use of certain medications (metformin, proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists), nitrous oxide exposure (including recreational use), and conditions affecting the gut such as Crohn's disease or coeliac disease

Limitations and strengths This study is based on comprehensive longitudinal data from multiple nationwide registries in Denmark, where information can be linked across registries due to the unique personal identification number

doi: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2013

EMA PRAC, European Medicines Agency Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee