In studies lasting 68 weeks, participants taking 412mg daily sometimes showed improved endurance, higher time-to-exhaustion scores, or smaller increases in creatine kinase an enzyme that rises with muscle damage.32 Not all trials find performance benefits, but those that do often include participants with lower baseline antioxidant intake or higher training loads.33 For now, researchers interpret the findings as preliminary evidence that astaxanthin may support recovery in situations where oxidative stress is high.38 Sleep and fatigue Researchers have begun exploring how carotenoid intake might relate to sleep quality
Obesity associates with reduced testosterone due to increased aromatase activity in adipose tissue converting testosterone to estrogen
Palacios N, Bhupathiraju SN, Kelly RS, Lee JS, Ordovas JM, Tucker KL
They may also be helpful for patients who are following a medical weight loss program and want additional support for energy, metabolism, and wellness