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J Biochem Mol Toxicol 59(5):785790 Anjum F, Touqeer S, Jamil Q, Rida A, Zubair HM, Sarfraz A et al (2025) Bassia indica attenuates cardiotoxicity in a rat model via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and Keap1/Nrf2 modulation

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A 2025 systematic review of BPC-157 in orthopedic applications confirmed improved structural, functional, and biomechanical outcomes across muscle, tendon, ligament, and bone injuries in 36 studies

(One important accuracy note: NAD+ is a coenzyme rather than a peptide, but it's central enough to longevity research to belong in any serious overview of the category.) The Four Pathways of Longevity Research The compounds below map to four distinct aging-research pathways: NAD+ metabolism NAD+ Telomere and pineal-gland biology Epithalon Mitochondrial-derived signaling MOTS-c Gene expression and collagen / skin aging GHK-Cu 1