glp 1 and gip mechanism of action GLP-1 Receptor Agonists GIP and GLP‐1, the two

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Probiotic administration reduces intestinal leakage by, among others, affecting intestinal immunoregulation and anti-inflammatory effects (for example, an increase in sIgA production), anti-inflammatory effects, strengthening the epithelial barrier (for example, an increase in the synthesis of mucin and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the production of bacteriocins, which limit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms (for example, defensin) [8, 133, 134]