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Identification and characterization of novel Nrf2 inducers designed to target the intervening region of keap1

It binds and unbinds in a constant exchange, so some free copper ions escape and irritate local nerve endings while activating mast cells (immune cells that release histamine and trigger inflammation)

In terms of mechanisms of action, studies have shown that there is no change in the plasma concentration of GSH, except locally, with more pronounced effects on the upper and lower respiratory tract

Glutathione neutralizes reactive oxygen species and harmful radicals that accumulate during normal metabolic processes