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* Hazard ratio for outcomes among GLP-1RA group compared to DPP-4i group subjects and GLP-1RA group compared to SGLT-2i group subjects (after propensity score matching) 95% CI, 95% confidence interval a Model 1, matching include Age at index, Sex, Race, Ethnicity b Model 2, matching include Age at index, Sex, Race, Ethnicity, Medical utilization, Socioeconomic, Lifestyle, BMI c Model 3, matching include Age at index, Sex, Race, Ethnicity, Medical utilization, Socioeconomic, Lifestyle, BMI and comorbidities d Model 4, matching include Age at index, Sex, Race, Ethnicity, Medical utilization, Socioeconomic, Lifestyle, BMI, comorbidities, and medication Subgroup analyses In the subgroup analysis (Additional file 2: Fig
Epub 2019 Jun 5
In more specialized testing , we can look for elevated oxidized glutathione, nitric oxide and urinary 8OHdG (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine), and decreased reduced glutathione and urinary NAC (N-acetylcysteine) to identify oxidative stress