The manufacturing process incorporates advanced quality control protocols at every stage, from raw material sourcing through final product packaging
1039 Development of a tree-based graded response model R package to test for differential item functioning in patient-reported outcome measures Olayinka Arimoro 1 , Matthew James 1 , Maria Santana 1 , Lisa Lix 2 , Tolulope Sajobi 1 1 University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2 University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes 2026 , 10(Suppl 1) :1039 Aims Tree-based item response theory (IRT) models are a class of novel methods for testing differential item functioning (DIF) in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)
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1c) and PPG NTS neurons do not project to the OB (Supplementary Fig