9496,292,323325 These protective mechanisms include the up-regulation of pro-angiogenic factors such as isoform 164 of VEGF-A that protect against capillary rarefaction, and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases that effect repair and protect against fibrosis by degrading extracellular matrix
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 50.Muralidharan A., Rahman J., Banerjee D., Mohammed A.R.H., Malik B.H
Details of the technique and the examination procedure for LSM have been described previously [15, 16]
Also, the association of vitiligo with halo naevus, which is characterized by depigmented halo-like area circumscribing a mole encompassing dense immune cell infiltrate, further supports the importance of immune mechanisms in vitiligo development (Spritz 2010)