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Altered energy balance causes selective changes in melanocortin-4(MC4-R), but not melanocortin-3 (MC3-R), receptors in specific hypothalamic regions: further evidence that activation of MC4-R is a physiological inhibitor of feeding
Peptides have become focal points in diverse research arenas owing to their versatility and potential advantages
This event, through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which inhibits the activation of protein kinase B (PKB), a pivotal enzyme regulating the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), ultimately resulting in IR (133, 134)