Heilborn JD, Weber G, Grnberg A, Dieterich C, Sthle M
In its April 2026 advisory, Health Canada listed examples of unauthorized injectable peptide drugs it had seized, including BPC-157, CJC-1295, DSIP, Epitalon, GHK-Cu, HCG, ipamorelin, KPV, Melanotan I and II, MOTS-c, NAD+, SS-31, TB-500 and retatrutide
Similar levels of urinary carnitine excretion in the 2 genotypes (Figure 6G) and reduction in fractional excretion of carnitine in cKOt mice (FE, Figure 6H) indicated that a reduction in plasma carnitine levels occurred in parallel with decreased carnitine reabsorption in the kidney
Specifically, it showed that chronic, excessive alcohol consumption leads to a reduction in dopamine release in the NAc, and that the activation of GDNF signalling in the VTA reduces alcohol consumption by normalizing dopamine levels in the NAc