Phosphorylation of Mammalian Cytochrome c and Cytochrome c Oxidase in the Regulation of Cell Destiny: Respiration, Apoptosis, and Human Disease
The study showed significant increases in intracellular glutathione levels after just 2 weeks of use, as well as demonstrating its ability to support healthy NK cell function and oxidative stress levels.*
A Nature Scientific Reports 2016 study showed GHK-Cu had no cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes at concentrations up to 5,800 M over 72 hours and did NOT induce inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1, IL-8, HSPA1A, FOSL1) unlike other copper compounds, concluding GHK-Cu has a low potential of inducing skin irritation
Cell extracts were added to 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.5, containing 1 mM EDTA, 2 mM GSH and 1 mM 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene