glp 1 r peptide Glucagon Like Receptor - an overview Possible mechanisms of action of

Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system

As semaglutide can cause nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin B12 deficiency, many clinicians believe that maintaining optimal B12 levels can reduce fatigue, improve tolerance, and promote overall health during semaglutide therapy

however, continuous GLP1-RA versus DPP4i use was associated with a 21% lower risk (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.640.97

Mechanistic investigations have revealed that this therapeutic effect is closely correlated with altered tryptophan metabolism within the gut microbiota, characterized by a metabolic shift from the kynurenine pathway toward serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, resulting in a substantial 63% reduction in the kynurenine/5-HT ratio (139, 140)