Wang, W., Knovich, M
Macroscopic Assessment The depth of destruction in articular cartilage was evaluated according to the measures described by Pelletier et al 32 using a four-point scale (0 = normal-appearing surface, 1 = negligible fibrillation or a minor yellowish discoloration of the surface, 2 = destruction spread out into the superficial or central layers only, 3 = destruction that spread into the deep layers, and 4 = destruction that spread to the subchondral bone)
Can use continuously or cycle 12 weeks on, 4 weeks off
Therefore, as shown in Table 2, various types of nanoparticles including nanoemulsions/microemulsions, lipid nanoparticles, vesicular nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles were utilized to enhance skin permeation, improve drug solubility, increase photostability, control the drug release profile, induce longer drug deposition within the skin layers, and therefore enhance the clinical effectiveness of the therapeutic options for melasma treatment