glp-1 and gallbladder removal Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use may up risk for gallbladder, biliary diseases GLP-1 Medications and Pancreatitis |

Bondada et al., Milk-derived exosomes for oral delivery of paclitaxel

Vitamins B6 and B12 are often used in the injections, but other compounds used include inotisol, choline and methionine

Trials are now consistently reporting 1523%: Tirzepatide (SURMOUNT-1): up to 22.5% mean weight loss (72 weeks) Semaglutide dose escalation (STEP UP): 20.7% mean weight loss with 7.2 mg (72 weeks) and ~1 in 3 achieved 25% weight loss 2) Focus is shifting from weight hard outcomes Cardiovascular protection in obesity (no diabetes) SELECT: MACE reduced with semaglutide 2.4 mg 6.5% vs 8.0% events HR 0.80 Kidney + survival benefit in CKD FLOW: semaglutide reduced major kidney outcomes HR 0.76 Also reduced MACE (HR 0.82) and all-cause death (HR 0.80) Sleep apnea is now metabolic SURMOUNT-OSA: tirzepatide improved apnea burden Treatment difference ~20 to 24 AHI events/hour (52 weeks) 3) Biology extends beyond appetite + glucose These therapies influence: inflammation and adipose remodeling vascular and renal pathways cardiometabolic risk clustering 4) Whats next is bigger than GLP-1 alone The pipeline is moving toward: multi-agonists improved pharmacokinetics + oral options precision selection by phenotype expansion into new indications (neuroinflammation, addiction biology, etc.) Clinical takeaway: GLP-1 therapies are transitioning from glycemic agents to disease-modifying cardiometabolic medicines

The injectable GLP-1 medications will drop to $245 per month for patients on Medicare or Medicaid who utilize them to treat medical conditions such as diabetes that have already been approved by the FDA