[] Tests for Diagnosis Together with a thorough history and physical examination, the diagnostic assessment consists of the following procedures: Computer tomography scans For evaluation of cases of fracture Simple flexion lumbar spine films For evaluation of instability, fracture, or spondylolisthesis Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine It is imaging of choice after 6 to 8 weeks of pain and no response to conservative management Electromyography (EMG) Useful when history, exploration, and/or imaging are not fully diagnostic Blood tests Antinuclear antibody (ANA), sedimentation rate, creatine kinase (CK), rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, hemogram, liver panel, kidney function tests, thyroid function tests, coagulation, and protein gram
Trends Neurosci (2014) 37(1):3946
Research in the laboratory of G.B.D
The interaction between systems creates a potential positive feedback loop through signaling molecules such as ROS, DAMPs, cytokines, and metabolites, potentially explaining the delayed onset, persistence, and multi-system nature of the symptoms
