In: StatPearls [Internet] Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing
Male: Potential benefit for varicocele-related damage and testicular inflammation
Besides, our research group has previously reported that the MD2-TLR4 complex not only participates in acute inflammatory responses but also recognizes various metabolism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as palmitic acid, advanced glycation end products, and oxLDL, thereby mediating chronic inflammation in metabolic diseases 46,47,48,49 Thus, we may guess that BDNF attenuates some metabolic diseases through antagonizing TLR4 and then reducing TLR4-driven chronic inflammation
In addition, the role of gut health deserves more attention, as imbalances in microbiota can reduce nutrient absorption and sustain inflammation, potentially limiting the effectiveness of these bioactives