Afamelanotide is the International Nonproprietary Name.[4] History The role of -MSH in promoting melanin diffusion has been known since the 1960s.[5] In the 1980s, scientists at University of Arizona began attempting to develop -MSH and analogs as potential sunless tanning agents, and synthesized and tested several analogs, including melanotan-I.[6] To pursue the tanning agent, melanotan-I was licensed by Competitive Technologies, a technology transfer company operating on behalf of University of Arizona, to an Australian startup called Epitan,[7][6] which changed its name to Clinuvel in 2006.[8] Early clinical trials showed that the peptide had to be injected about ten times a day due to its short half-life, so the company collaborated with Southern Research in the US to develop a depot formulation that would be injected under the skin, and release the peptide slowly

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Clinical trials suggest tirzepatide produces greater average weight loss than semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic), largely because it targets two incretin receptors rather than one
This weight loss leads to improved airflow and reduced oxygen deprivation during sleep