443 These agents exert their anti-atherosclerotic effects through various mechanisms, including by improving blood lipid profiles, 444 preserving endothelial integrity and regulating endothelial function, 445 as well as modulating inflammatory processes
First introduced in the early 2000s, these medications mimic the natural hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, which helps regulate blood sugar by stimulating insulin release and suppressing glucagon secretion after meals (glucagon is the hormone that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream)
However, native GLP-1 has a limited half-life (1.55 min) due to its degradation by the enzyme Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), necessitating the development of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with longer activity (Campbell and Drucker 2013)
Rosenstock J, Wysham C, Fras JP, Kaneko S, Lee CJ, Fernndez Land L, et al