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the Epac-dependent signal induces explicitly expression of Mn-SOD, GPx-1, and catalase in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes, reducing ROS and protecting cells from oxidative stress (43)

Senescence-associated -galactosidase (SA--gal) activity was measured in both cells and frozen tissues using a commercial kit, providing a visual and quantitative indicator of senescent cells

(19) Bone formation indicators alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) increased with the addition of liraglutide, meanwhile bone resorption indicators tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) were reduced

Chronic Stress : Persistent stress increases cortisol levels, disrupting the production and balance of serotonin and interfering with serotonin synthesis and receptor function