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vs Finasteride (Mechanism Comparison) Finasteride is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor that blocks conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) the primary hormonal driver of androgenetic alopecia

TLR9 activation can mediate NF-B phosphorylation through myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and then translate various factors, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-, to mediate the inflammatory cascade (172)

Transcription factor activity changes: GHK-Cu modulates activity of key transcription factors including NF-B (inflammation master regulator), AP-1 (stress response), Nrf2 (antioxidant response element activator), p53 (cell cycle and apoptosis regulator)

Zhang Y-M, Qi Y, Gao Y, Chen W, Zhou T, Zang Y, Li J (2023a) Astrocyte metabolism and signaling pathways in the CNS