A formal Phase 2 trial was completed in 2009, but over 15 years later, the results have never been published, another major red flag suggesting it failed to prove effective or safe
, exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects, as well as organ protection and protective actions on the cardiovascular and nervous systems
As with all prescription and over-the-counter drugs, NAC can cause unwanted or unexpected side effects
While its cultivation is rooted in Mesoamerica and the Andes, where it played a central role in pre-Hispanic diets, its contemporary revaluation signals global interest in alternative, sustainable crops that diversify the agricultural base and mitigate risks associated with reliance on major crops (Mayes et al., 2012