The absence of PINK1 inhibits PINK1-dependent mitophagy, and although cells may clear mitochondria through other pathways, the efficiency of their elimination is reduced, resulting in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, iron, and synuclein alpha (SNCA) or even ferroptosis in the substantia nigra of PD patients [176, 177]
Select combination protocols for comprehensive multi-pathway longevity research, where the complementary mechanistic coverage offers more complete ageing biology profiling than either compound alone
2017;233(2):R67R79
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