Moreover, the fatsoluble vitamin influences the human microbiota by retaining intestinal homeostasis accomplished due to an increased cellular production of antimicrobial proteins from, for example macrophages and monocytes through RXR/VDR-signaling induction of promotor sequences of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide etc., thereby preventing intestinal bacterial translocation and, on a large scale, the development of auto-inflammatory / metabolic dysfunctions, along with its role in maintaining intestinal epithelial cell integrity (production of nitric oxide due to upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)), which in turn minimizes epithelial damage caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) [151, 162,163,164,165,166,167,168]
For a researcher investigating the subtle and nuanced effects of a peptide on something as delicate as spinal disc tissue, working with a compound of questionable origin is simply not an option
Although studies are limited, there is some research to suggest a relationship between Vitamin B12 deficiency, fatigue, depression and foggy brain (Ref) Who is at risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency
These advancements include improved capabilities for continuous peptide delivery to alleviate OA symptoms and slow disease progression
