In good agreement with this role, genome-wide association studies correlated SNPs occurring at the level of SLC16A9 gene, with carnitine, propionylcarnitine and urate levels in serum (Kolz et al., 2009
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Recent data reflects that reality
Abbreviations Al 2 O 3 : aluminum oxide ALCAR: acetyl-L-carnitine Apaf-1: apoptosis protease activating factor-1 CACTL: carnitine: acylcarnitine translocase FBS: fetal bovine serum GO: gene ontology GSH: glutathione H 2 O 2 : hydrogen peroxide HBE: human bronchial epithelial HE: hematoxylin and eosin HEPG2: human hepatocarcinoma KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes MDA: malondialdehyde MOMP: mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization NPs: nanoparticles O 2 .- : superoxide PFA: paraformaldehyde PM 2.5 : fine particulate matter ROS: reactive oxygen species SE: standard error of the mean SWCNTs: single-walled carbon nanotubes TBA: thiobarbituric-acid References Mills NL, Donaldson K, Hadoke PW, Boon NA, MacNee W, Cassee FR, et al