68,69 Adverse effects of GLP-1RA include gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), increased heart rate, and injection site reactions
13 Additionally, it reduces appetite and food intake
Wang et al., 2009), TGACG motif binding factor 1 (TGA1) family (Lindermayr et al., 2010), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase AtRBOHD (Yun et al., 2011), cytoskeletal proteins (Yemets et al., 2011), auxin receptor-transport inhibitor response 1/auxin signaling F-box (TIR1/AFB
Contrasting with these actions of GIPR activation to reduce food intake, Gipr knockout (KO) mice, and humans with impaired function GIPR variants, are protected against obesity, also probably through a central effect, as similar observations were made in global KO mice or mice lacking Gipr in nestin, synapsin or VGAT-expressing cells 4,5,9,10,11,12