Between 1.5% and 15% of the public has a vitamin B12 deficiency, and certain groups are at a higher risk: Older Adults : As we age, our bodies may produce less stomach acid, which is necessary to absorb B12 from food
Pharmacol Rep 73:16701679 Zhang YE (2009) Non-Smad pathways in TGF- signaling
276,277 Long-term adverse effects of KD include elevated cardiovascular risks with poor cholesterol profiles and nephrolithiasis, likely due to the metabolic effects of the KD, such as uric acidemia, hypocitraturia, hypercalciuria, aciduria, growth retardation, decreased bone mineral density, anemia, and neuropathy, 276,277 and are usually monitored during follow-up
Cost matters when making health decisions, but so does knowing that what you inject contains what the label says it contains