doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1746176 Received 14 November 2025 Revised 03 December 2025 Accepted 17 December 2025 Published 12 January 2026 Volume 12 - 2025 Edited by Iris Joye, University of Guelph, Canada Reviewed by Soubhagya Tripathy, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India Prakasha R., Anand Agricultural University, India Updates Copyright 2026 Hao, Tan, Liu and Xin
Important Information All treatments are provided based on medical evaluation
Unlike its parent compound (Melanotan II), PT-141 has been optimized to selectively bind to central melanocortin receptors (MC3R and MC4R) while minimizing affinity for the MC1R receptors associated with melanogenesis (pigmentation)
Cohort studies show that median survival in cirrhotic patients that present with overt HE is only a few months and they have a 2-times higher risk for death at one year of follow-up, compared with cirrhotic patients without HE.6,7 In Mexican patients with cirrhosis, the prevalence of MHE has been reported at 11.5%.8 According to an October 2018 press release, HE accounts for 10% of all hospital admissions at a tertiary care referral center in Mexico City.9 Definitions and classification 1 HE is defined as a brain dysfunction caused by liver failure and/or portosystemic blood shunting
